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Professional sound cards are optimized for multi-channel studio quality sound and usually use card drivers meant for professional sound engineering. There are features found in non-professional sound cards that will not be in the professional cards because they are geared more towards video gaming. Features that have to do with background and ambiance noise are good examples of this. Such sounds are not ideal for studio music, therefore professional cards are not ideal for home users and vice versa.
Sound cards geared towards the home user will place a greater emphasis on casual playback and entertainment. A drawback of these cards, however, is that they take longer to convert an audio sample and transfer it to the computer's memory. This is known as latency. Such high latency would not be conducive to the work of a music professional at work in a studio.
So while one card may be considered professional and the other more casual, they both have advantages and drawbacks that prevent them from being interchangeable with one another. Yet in their proper setting, both perform as needed.